高速螺旋，打结，小孔－－小心一点

一周前，Gin试飞员norman在zulu新伞试验中不幸丧生，现场情况是norman试验改装zulu伞绳长度，将所有得伞绳打结缩短三个厘米，然后在高速螺旋中（估计是在试验伞的高速螺旋性能，有人声称下降速率达到了20米/秒），所有得伞绳在打结处断裂，人伞分离，当时高度在100至200米，备份伞没有抛出（norman使用背置备份伞，这种备份伞有两个手柄，一个在前，一个在后；前面得手柄morman在此次飞行前已经丢失，新手柄在订货中），norman直接坠地。

这次事故，有几点需要我们注意的地方

1低空动作得危险性

2所有器材得良好状况（备份伞的定时折叠，起飞前得检查）

3，我们的伞绳在破损之后最好定购新伞绳，即使是打结，也是很讲究的（在mailist中有人声称norman打结方法出现了问题，通高速螺旋一起导致了事故发生，伞绳在打结处自己把自己切断了），向教练学习打结方法

4，伞布上的小孔（比如烟头烫伤，磨损）会大大的降低伞的强度，注意爱护自己的伞具，检查及时修补。

5，进入稳定的高速螺旋之后，赶紧改出，不成就赶紧抛备份伞，别犹豫别等，对于低级别的伞，高速螺旋是非常稳定的，伞自己不会改出的。(注意，这里是说高速螺旋，不会自己改出；低速的旋转，低级别伞自己是可以改出的，只要重心在中间，两侧刹车一样）

参考了磨房YC的文章，找到原文，看看关于打结的分析

http://babelfish.altavista.com/babelfish/trurl_pagecontent?lp=de_en&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerosport.de%2F

这是德文翻译过来的英文网页，记录了打结导致的后果

Housi Bollinger writes on Thursday, 16.06.05:

Norman was until Tuesday with me and drove then on Wednesday after intersheets to be able to test with the conviction, there more efficiently. After telephone with Gin to Wednesday mornings put out itself that it is to shorten all master linen of the Protos, on which it worked around 4 cm. I contacted Norman immediately and explained to him that he should shorten all master linen around 4 cm, with a knot in the sewn part of the line and a loop in the shackle. Norman said the fact that he will accomplish this equal change and thus was our telephone call terminated. This was the last mark that I heard standard to voice. How late Stefan Wyss communicated to me, Norman made 3 normal knots into each master line, with the conviction, this was more exact than my suggestion. During the second flight already middle B master line tore above the knot and them by a kevlar running line were exactly replaced. Stefan asked Norman still whether he would not have a fear that likewise could tear the other master linen, but Norman was the ultimate tensile strength its linen surely and did not doubt an instant their firmness....
During the next flight, with a very close steep spiral (safe over 20 m/s sinking!), then the fatal Ausleiner happened. All master linen tore exactly over the last knot. Nobody saw the whole procedure, but it the last 100-200m in the free case was observed exactly and it fell at least at the edge of forest on a steep meadow.
It flew with its Sup air Akro harness, in which it had installed however only the rear emergency screen, since it the second grasp it lost had gone (at the vortag it asked me still, whether I could not order it this grasp....)
According to the witnesses to an accident the emergency screen grasp was not any more in its normal position fastened separates was solved behind its back (the split pin was still in it). Whether the grasp was already loosened by the impact or in the flight, could not confirm anybody. With the attempt to pull the emergency screen after the accident were there no problems, the mechanism functioned perfectly. If however the grasp (assumed like Matu) had already separated in air by the maneuver, it would have been impossible for Norman, this too ereichen!

Our friend was presently/immediately divorced in the case of the impact of us and did not have not to suffer with large security....

The helicopter of the REGA already was after 10 minutes at the accident place, but also they could confirm only death and each assistance unfortunately used nothing more.
The paraglider fell approx. 200m beside it into the trees and is intact except all master linen.

It is for us everything an enormous shock and we lost our very much loved friend "Noermeli", I hopes however that it it further well goes (where always it also is).......

To soon Housi

这帮家伙试验Gin的伞绳，全是未做老化处理的伞绳

17.06.05 we made tests with the master linen material used by GIN Gliders:1) line, sews as in the series; Firmness 190 kg; Tear at the end of the sewing

不打结，抗拉破坏强度190kg，在缝合处断裂

2) line with knots in the double, sewn part (suggested as by Housi);
Firmness 126 kg; Tear in the knot; Firmness still sufficiently

2个节，抗拉破坏强度126kg，在打结处断裂，强度仍然足够

3) line with 3 knots in the unvernaehten part (as from Norman flown);
Firmness 57 kg; Tear in the knot; Firmness not sufficiently

三个节，通norman打结方式一样，抗拉破坏强度57kg，在打结处断裂，强度不够

4) line with 1 knot in the unvernaehten part; Firmness 62 kg;
Tear in the knot; Firmness not sufficiently

一个结，抗拉破坏强度62kg，在打结处断裂，强度不够

For the DHV quality seal linen are artificially aged and examined their residual strength after 5000 buckling.
This corresponds to a line in the course of a paraglider life in for instance aging. The master linen used by GIN Gliders have again
a firmness of 190 kg and after 5000 buckling still 112 kg (a very good value!).
The determined residual strength of the line must at least the eightfold of the permissible takeoff weight for all A and b-Stammleinen
i.e. together per line for the quantity L at least 83 kg amount to. This value is confirmed also by the experience in practice.

DHV要求伞绳全部经过5000次的Knickungen （德语，我怀疑这个翻译成英文有问题）老化后的剩余强度试验，Gin的伞绳达到112kg，Dhv要求所有伞绳在人工老化后，伞绳能承受8个G的过载，也就是83kg（大约是说伞绳本身应该是没有问题的,笔者注）

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所以，同志们呀，千万别瞎胡打结，扎结也不成啊

http://www.aerosport.de/norman.htm 德文地址，上面有图片

http://www.altavista.com/ 翻译软件网址

不打结，抗拉破坏强度190kg，在缝合处断裂

2个节，抗拉破坏强度126kg，在打结处断裂，强度仍然足够

三个节，通norman打结方式一样，抗拉破坏强度57kg，在打结处断裂，强度不够

一个结，抗拉破坏强度62kg，在打结处断裂，强度不够

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