今天下午在莽山日常休闲飞行，天气比较闷热，气流不强；第二个起落，起飞失败了三把（两次伞软，一次跑的太慢，有前兆？）；起飞之后，没什么气流就直接出溜回着陆场，在快回到着陆区的时候，高度大约250米，图中蓝色区域开始做摆荡练习，做了两三次之后，外测（是左侧，高的一侧）发生塌陷，我就没有移动重心回到左侧保持右侧压重心，右手刹车（这是一个错误），进入螺旋，塌陷改出，改出后又开始摆荡，这时候高度大约100米，这个时候又发生外测塌陷，还是在左侧，同样，我又进入螺旋，希望借助螺旋的高速讲塌陷改出，这个时候螺旋在红色区域；塌陷改出后，我右手刹车逐渐送回去，左手带刹车，重心回压，但是伞并没有有任何回复的迹象，我赶紧又将右手刹车全部送回，带左手刹车到接近主挂钩位置，伞也没有一点改出的趋势，高度在迅速的下降，心里一惊，跟我平时做的螺旋根本不同！愣了一下，同时也想了一下(回想一下，大概愣了有四分之一到半圈的的时间），抛付伞没高度了，左手使劲拉下，右手也向左侧伸过去，伞一个大仰头，改出了！这个时候伞比基地房子大约高5米到十米，冲着基地房子去了，赶紧一带右手，转了半个圈，落在褐色点的位置上了，人坐在地上，伞搭在路边的柳树上，坐那儿长嘘了一口气，定了定神；这个时候，几位教练和小乔赶过来，帮助我从树上把伞摘下来，感谢感谢！大鹏，小韩，小乔，。。。。。

上周刚贴了高速螺旋的帖子，今天自己就遇见了，第一次被打进螺旋的时候基本是一带刹车，基本就改出来了；今天确实跟以往不同，开始半圈我就感觉自己右手控制速度没有用，伞保持自己的速度旋转，我还以为是顺风半圈的问题，后来才反应过来是伞头冲下在旋转；

回来和莱温特交流，才醒悟过来，外侧塌陷，内侧螺旋是非常危险的，就跟单边发生的时候反应操作过度一样（参见拷贝猫的译作：如何控制塌陷），容易进入失速和水平螺旋，正确的动作应该是，恢复平直飞行，内侧猛的带一下刹车，在赶紧送回去，是外测打开就可以了。

关于摆荡： from ：http://www.acromania.nl/

Wing Over
摆荡
Description
描述
The wing-over is probably the most difficult maneuver, and for sure the basis for all aerobatic maneuvers. Before you even consider trying any of the other tricks listed on this page, be sure to completely master wing-overs and loops (inversions) from wing-overs. The wing-over is called wing-over, because the pilot turns over the wing.
摆荡可能是所有动作中最难的一个,当然它又是所有特技动作的基础.在企图练习这些下面列出的这些动作之前,务必掌握摆荡和从摆荡进入的筋斗;摆荡(wing over)之所以叫做 wing (翼) over ( 翻转), 就是因为飞行员从伞的上方越过.
Lead in
进入
Start a wing-over by making a progressive (fast) turn to the right. Just as the wing starts to turn, release the right brake, weight shift to the left and brake left to make a progressive turn to the left. The wing will now roll to the other side and you will swing up. When you are at the highest point, release the brake, weight shift to the right, brake the right, and r epeat the same sequence over and over again (of course switching left and right). The most important thing doing good wing-overs is timing, weight shifting and completing the turn. Good wing-overs are stationary over ground. By this I mean you don't move forward over the ground while doing the wing-overs. The top-view of a wing-over figure is not a series of S figures linked together, it is one 8 figure.
进入摆荡得时候,(以右侧进入为例,左侧进入的话,将下文中的左右反一下就可以了), 右手猛拉刹车,在伞刚开始转向的时候,将右手刹车迅速送上去,重心移到左侧,同时拉下左侧刹车,做一个急剧的左转.此刻伞会滚转向左侧,同时你会摆起.当你摆到最高点的时候,松刹车, 压右侧重心,带右侧刹车,如此这般重复即可.
摆荡最重要的是掌握每一个动作的时机,压重心,和完成整个转弯。做的非常好的摆荡相对地面是固定的，位置不会发生漂移；如果将摆荡的图形投影在地面上，这个图形并非是一系列连接在一起的S形，而是一个数字8的形状。
Also, good wing-overs don't require braking the glider at all at when you are at the highest point (the "dead" point actually shouldn't be a dead point!). The wing doesn't need any correction during the entire maneuver when timing is right. Actually, good wing-overs don't need a lot of brake input at all. When I do wing-overs, I hardly use the breaks, but I do use massive amounts of weight shift to get the energy I need.
同样，如果摆荡做的好的话，在最高点的时候根本不需要带刹车（所谓"死点"实际上不能停止――即不能有停顿的感觉，需要圆滑）。如果当各个操作的时机掌握的好的话，整个过程不需要什么修正。实际上一个做的非常好的摆荡并不需要很大的刹车。我自己做摆荡的时候，很少用刹车，主要使用狠压重心来获得（摆荡所需的）能量
You can keep practicing and perfectioning wing-overs until you can do a couple of chained loops/inversions from wing-overs. As your wing-overs get higher and higher and you get more confident in doing them, you'll be doing loops without any extra effort.
你可以不断的练习和完美你的摆荡直到有一天你能把摆荡做成一传筋斗。当你越摆越高的时候，你的信心会不断增强，最后你能毫不费力的做成一个筋斗。
Lead out
改出
You can't just stop wing-overs. You have to bleed them out to gradually loose the energy contained in the wing and your body. You can either do this by doing wing-overs with less weight shift and brake input and gradually stop doing wing-overs, or by bleeding out in a couple of 360 degree turns. I always choose the latter, but if you're not confident with spiral dives, choose the first option.
摆荡是不能直接改出的，你需要逐渐将摆荡的能量消耗掉；一种改出方式是，逐渐减少重心移动和刹车量改出；一种方式是由摆荡进入螺旋，然后从螺旋中改出。
Danger!
危险
When the timing is off, you can get collapses on the upper wingtip as well as the lower one. I've seen cravatted wings spiraling down after doing off-timed wing-overs, so be careful and build up your wing-over height gradually. First, get the timing right in small wing-overs. When you feel confident, use more weight shift and brake input to build up your wing-overs. Keep practicing!
如果时机掌握的不好，伞可的两侧都有可能塌陷；我曾经见过由摆荡动作时机掌握的不好导致卷夹（cravate）然后螺旋下坠的，所以摆荡的幅度要逐渐增加；首先要在小幅度摆荡中将各个动作的时机掌握好，练习熟练，信心增强之后在多压重心，增加刹车量将摆荡的幅度作大。
Video
Wing-over instruction video's:
Windows Media, High Quality, 768 kbps
Windows Media, Low Quality, 256 kbps

Wing-overs in Chamonix on my UP Trango
Wing-overs in front of the Babadag (謑黡eniz, Turkey) on my Airwave Sport

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